Sep 24, 20 the natural vegetative zones resulted from the interaction of climate, humidity, rainfall and soils. The major noteworthy exception is urhobo plains of southwestern nigeria where. There could be numerous shrubs up to 30 feet high each. Attention is drawn to the variation in environmental conditions indicated by certain elements of the flora. Week 3 vegetation of nigeria vegetation is defined as an association two or group of plants growing together in a particular habit or environment. International archives of food and agricultural sciences. Mangrove vegetation zone is located along the atlantic coast with latitude 415. Vegetation zones divide land according to temperature and precipitation. It is hot and wet most of the year in the southeast but dry in the southwest and farther inland. Nigeria s vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition. Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone. Nigeria is one of the most beautiful countries on the africa continent.
Vegetation expresses and reflects environmental conditions, particularly climate. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated legit. Dec 31, 2012 there are two major vegetation zones in the state. A savanna climate, with marked wet and dry seasons, prevails in the north and west, while a steppe climate with little precipitation is found in the far north. A holocene pollen record from the sudanian zone of nenigeria. In this post, well find out what these vegetation types mean and well further divide. Nutritional compositions of the nectar of melliferous plants. Geography, climate and vegetation embassy of nigeria, beirut. Vegetation zones in nigeria the major vegetation zones are. Vegetation zones, also called hardiness zones, are smaller, moredetailed vegetation regions. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad. Within each zone there are, inevitably, numerous variations in the actual vegetation types.
While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. Impact of seasonal changes on the vegetation composition of some selected areas in lagos state, nigeria article pdf available february 2019 with 182 reads how we measure reads. Bala nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features about 200 years ago it was possible to meet here herds of rhinoceroses, giraffes, elephants and many others, now their number has sharply decreased. Pdf assessment of incentives for forest biodiversity. Mangrove swamp forest salt and fresh water swamp can be found in delta and coastal areas like port harcourt, warri, uyo and calabar. Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on location. Nigeria nigeria description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. Aug 01, 2019 the zone covers 15,000 square miles in nigeria and extends into the western parts of cameroon. Research article evaluation of vegetation types and. Savannahs are area with insignificant tree cover with grasses. The six geopolitical zones of nigeria is a major division in modern nigeria, created during the regime of president general sani abacha.
This paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria, exposes the utility. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. These form the basis for reconstructing of the vegetation and climate history for the tertiary period covered by the studied sediments. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. The vegetation in nigeria can be grouped into three major zones. Therefore, in areas of forest vegetation, you are bound to find the trees in almost every corner. It is bordered to the north by the republics of niger and chad.
Based on the above, nigerias agroecological zones can be classified into. The tropical conditions of the south are favorable for the growth of trees. One example of this grassland is the serengeti plain in northern tanzania. The ecological zones in nigeria are based on keay 1949, and are defined from south to north as follows. Vegetation definition, all the plants or plant life of a place, taken as a whole. Africas vegetation consists of grasslands, rain forests, and a wide variety of other plant life. Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps, has generally been mapped from. These factors have been modified by human activities and mans pattern of land use. Crops grown include all cereals, legumes such as cowpeas and groundnuts, cotton, yam, cassava and potatoes livestock include cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and others. Vegetation zones, fauna, gashaka gumti national park introduction nigerias vegetation is one of the most endowed in africa containing almost all the vegetation types that exist in other african countries and it is widely distributed in different zones of the country akinsoji et al. Large herds can be found only in reserves and parks, especially on the bauchi plateau, in the yankara reserve. The physiognomy and altitudinal zonations of the highland vegetation are discussed. Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian.
In this paper, a costeffective means of mapping nigerian vegetation as a means of monitoring. Types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north. Pdf the natural vegetation zones in west africa gulf of guinea to the. Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria. The guinea savanna is the largest vegetation zone in nigeria and where you find the great population of the middle belt. The study area is located in the southern part of nigeria between latitudes 40 30 n and 70 30 n. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. The environments of nigeria s four major highlands are described. Download scientific diagram map showing vegetation zones in nigeria.
Most gardeners look at a map of vegetation zones before planting any flowers, trees, or vegetables. The outward and visible sign of the desertification process is the gradual shift in vegetation from grasses, bushes and occasional trees, to grass and bush and in. Forests are areas where there is significant tree cover. Sep 23, 20 in nigeria the savanna zone is split into two. Status and challenges of soil management in nigeria. The study has a spatial focus on the rainforest zone of nigeria. Originally a russian term applied to the treeless temperate land of russia and siberia. Changing vegetation patterns in yobe state nigeria. Vegetation belts in nigeria reflect the tight link between the vegetation and the countrys climate. Pdf the natural vegetation regions of west africa researchgate.
Africas vegetationlike its climateis almost mirrored north and south of the equator. Akwa ibom and rivers state were selected in this vegetation zone for the study. Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian vegetation. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. These are 1 forest zone or vegetation 2 savanna zone or vegetation 3 montane vegetation 1 the forest zone.
The united states, for example, is usually divided into 10 vegetation zones. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. Results of a palynological analysis of sediments from bassan1 well, niger delta, nigeria are presented. The ministry of environment of the federal republic of nigeria. Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide.
In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north east nigeria. Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation. Forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and. T abuja falls within the guinea savanna vegetation zone of nigeria. The forest vegetation zones are to be found at the south, while savannah vegetation is dominant in the north. Forest vegetation have trees as their most dominant feature. Sensitivity of vegetation to annual rainfall variations over. This zone is the largest vegetation zone in nigeria. Vegetation and climatic history of the late tertiary niger. Saline water swamp this type of vegetation is limited to the coastal strip of nigeria.
In the 19811999 series, the highest and lowest ndvi are 0. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. The forest zone or vegetation contains mainly trees. Nigerian economic, political and educational resources are often shared across the zones.
Dec 25, 2018 types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. As a consequence, if vegetation studies in this part of nigeria are to be implemented, both the past and recent patterns of vegetation change require close monitoring through empirical studies. Geography nigeria is situated in the west african region and lies between longitudes 3 degrees and 14 degrees and latitudes 4 degrees and 14 degrees. Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps, has generally. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. Nigeria has six main vegetation zones namely, the mangrove swamps the fresh water. A 3 1department of wildlife and range management, university of agriculture, makurdi. The forest vegetation in nigeria can be subdivided into three smaller zones. The rainforest is the richest in biodiversity in nigeria. Geography, climate and vegetation geography nigeria is situated in the west african region and lies between longitudes 3 degrees and 14 degrees and latitudes 4 degrees and 14 degrees.
Guinea savanna extends from the south around enugu to the north toward zaira. Montane land is the least common and is typically found in the mountains close to. Assessment of incentives for forest biodiversity conservation in rainforest and derived savannah vegetation zones of ekiti state, nigeria article pdf available january 2015 with 56 reads. Broadly speaking, the national vegetation over a geographical area is essentially a response to the climate in that area. Guineacongolian regional centre of endomism guineacongoliasudania regional transition zone sudanian regional centre of endomism. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. Best known vegetations in nigeria are 1 savanna and 2 forest. It is characterized by a chain of extinct volcanoes with the region and has an elevation of above 2,700 feet above the sea level.